Pornography and Sexual Violence Essay Example for Free

Pornography and Sexual Violence Essay The class is social psychology. Please use proper headings, double spacing, 12 pt font, one-inch margins, page numbering, and logical flow from topic to topic. Citations may be from the Web, texts, books or scientific journals. Magazine and newspaper citations are generally unacceptable. Please be original with your own views. Being with a strong, creative, original thesis clearly stating what you are trying to show.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pornography is a term utilized to depict the various sexual practices and desires to arouse the viewer sexually. It should also be clearly distinguished from the term ‘obscenity’.   Obscenity is frequently utilized legally to suggest pornographic material.   This material may be deemed as illegal if it crosses all the social barriers of decency and is liable for criminal punishment.   Sexual images of women can create a positive influence or a negative influence on man.   Women can be portrayed as objects of sex, pleasure, abuse and violence.   This has resulted in degradation of the status of women in the current world. Feminists throughout the world are objecting at the problems pornography has created for women.   During the early 1980’s, pornography became a huge feminist issue.   The political situation in the West was also changing during that period.   People began to feel the need for greater amount of freedom.   Several of the moral issues such as abortion, reproductive rights, sexuality, etc, began to be questioned.   Abortion began to be accepted giving the women greater amount of control over their body.   Today, women should be pure before the marriage and need to be loyal to their husbands during their married life. Marriage is a relationship in which sex is performed only for reproductive purposes and not for pleasure.   If a woman indulged in sex outside their marriage, it was considered to be a form of prostitution.   Frequently, women are forced into getting them photographed for creating pornographic material.   The pornographic industry throughout the world has turned out into a multibillion-dollar industry (about $ %6 billion), providing material in various forms including movies, internet, books, videos, etc (Malamuth et al, 2005, Utah State University, 2007 Webb, 2007). Recently, there has been an increase in the number of cases of child abuse throughout the world.   The exact cause for this has not been understood clearly.   A study conducted by Knudsen does not show a direct relationship between sexual violence against children and pornography.   A thorough assessment was created using laboratory findings and case studies of those who had suffered from child sexual abuse.   It was found that child sexual abuse was only affected to a slight and indirect extent by pornography (Knudsen, 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Frequently, people associate pornography with erotica.   However, there is a lot of difference between these two aspects.   Erotica is a situation of an intimate relationship between humans such that closeness, communication, intimacy and sexual arousal are felt.   Erotica utilize various symbols for communication and the feeling of interaction.   It could be considered to be one system of language or dialect.   Hence, erotica is usually shared between people belonging to close group, culture, religion, sect, ethnic community, etc. People belonging to other communities, sects, group, etc, would be unable to share and communicate with their partner.   Hence, the erotic appeal may not be present in such circumstances.   Erotica cannot mix with brutality.   To some extent erotica can vary from one taste to another.   Many people use the term erotica in order to demonstrate and applaud pornography.   However, both these terms need to be completely differentiated from one another.   Pornography is the misuse of women and children in the name of erotica. This misuse can be considered in two ways.   Firstly, a woman may be abused and forced into pornography through the erotica.   Besides, many of the female pornography material depict man dominating and abusing women and treating them as mere objects.   I do feel that pornography directly and indirectly creates a situation in which the woman is victimized.   This may further the chances of women getting sexually offended (Utah State University, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many of the material available today on the internet and the print media has been generated by threatening women into certain acts that have not been expected.   For example, Linda Marchiano was threatened with a gun to perform several sexual acts in the film Deep Throat.   Today graphic material is available on the Internet of women being tortured, raped and victimized for the sake of sexual arousal.   I do feel that this may not create a sense of erotica but instead encourage violence and crime against women (Utah State University, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pornography has changed the entire concept of masculinity and femininity.   Earlier, these two genders were considered as complimentary to one another.   A woman was basically made to supplement the needs of man.   However, pornography has spoilt this relationship between man and woman.   Indirectly man is victimizing women in the name of pornography.   Men dominate women and children using pornographic material.   Man would try to conquer other sexually, and women would have to submit to the sexual needs of man.   In a husband-wife relationship, the wife would become the weaker party and the husband would become the stronger one. Once this domination is created, every chance exists for the man to abuse and ill-treat the woman.   Today pornography has been closely associated with male supremacy.   As pornography is becoming more and more common in today’s world, it is having a negative influence on the people.   Pornography touches upon male dominance, sexual inequality and sexual subordination.   Hence, people consider and use violence, force and domination as a part of sex.   This helps to spread terrorism and hatred amongst the population.   Today, people are unable to identify the thin line present between pornography and erotica (Utah State University, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pornography may influence the individual to various extents depending on the individual factors, the type of pornographic material, the extent to which the material causes sexual arousal, etc.   Studies have demonstrated that when children and adolescents are exposed to pornographic material, there are chances that these children on becoming adults would have perverted sexual tendencies. They may also perform violent acts in order to gain sexual gratification.   However, some studies have demonstrated that expose of the child or adolescent to a minimal amount of pornographic material during early age would help them to benefit later, as they would be aware of the sexual processes that occur in adults.   However, this area needs to be thoroughly researched further to determine the type of pornographic material and the extent to which they would benefit (Malamuth et al, 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The World needs to change its attitude toward pornography.   To some extent individuals possessing certain characteristics may be exposed to a greater extent than others to pornographic material.   A study conducted by Malamuth et al (2005) demonstrated that men, who were exposed to material containing sexuality and violence against women, accepted these attacks secretly.   The acceptance was much greater in men who were exposed to pornographic material than those who were not.   Men who were exposed to media presentations of material, which glorified sexual attacks on women, developed aggressive attitudes towards women (Malamuth et al, 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus it can be seen that pornographic material is harmful to the development of cordial relationships throughout the world between man and woman.   The effect of pornographic material varies depending on the culture, region of the world, sect, religion, etc.   Scientists should try to develop a method of determining the direct relationship that exists between pornography and sexual violence against women. The Internet may be a very useful resource for teenagers and students.   However, this resource could also be misused, as activity may be difficult to monitor.   It is high time for the law-enforcement agencies and parents to help control the activity of teenagers and students over the Internet.   The manner in which the child or teenagers utilizes the Internet plays a major role in the development of the personality and behavior later in life (Paul et al, 2005 Bremer, 2005). References: Bremer, J. (2005). â€Å"The Internet and children: advantages and disadvantages.† Psychiatr Clin N Am, 14(3), 405-428. http://www.springerlink.com/content/g074414vx721x677/ Knudsen, D. D. (2005). â€Å"Child sexual abuse and pornography: Is there a relationship?† Journal of Family Violence, 3(4), 253-267. Malamuth, N., Huppin, M. (2005). â€Å"Pornography and Teenagers: The Importance of Individual Differences.† Adol Med Clin, 16(2). Paul, B. Bryant, J. A. (2005). â€Å"Adolescents and the Internet.† Adol Med Clin, 16(2). Utah State University (2007). â€Å"Lesson 10. Pornography, Violence, and the Law.† Retrieved on December 7, 2007, from Utah State University Web site: http://cc.usu.edu/~fath6/Gen5.htm Villani, V. S. (2005). â€Å"Media literacy for clinicians and parents.† Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am, 14(3), 523-553. Webb, E. (2007). â€Å"Pornography or Censorship-Silence or Choice?† Retrieved on December 7, 2007, from DSP Web site: http://www.dsp.org.au/dsp/porno.htm

James A. Naismith: Creator of Basketball :: Biography

Millions of players of basketball which was created by one man by the name of Dr. James A. Naismith. James Naismith was born around the 1860s. James Naismith created the game of basketball in 1891. Dr. James A. Naismith was truly influential to the sports world through the creation of basketball, building Kansas University basketball tradition, and changing lives of millions of people through the game of basketball. Before the game of basketball James Naismith was truly influential to the sports world. According to James A. Naismith â€Å"as a young man, Naismith studied Theology and excelled in various sports. Naismith was always drawn to religion because he knew he wanted to help others, but his life's mission became clear to him one day during a football game: a football teammate began cursing after a blown play, but then stopped and apologized to Naismith, who was known for his morals. Naismith realized that "there might be other ways of doing well besides preaching" and got the idea that he could practice his ministry through sports† (1). James Naismith was always thought of as a man known for his morals. According to an article entitled James A. Naismith, â€Å"Naismith also is credited with inventing the helmet for football players. Which gives better safety to football players"(1). The football helmet is truly beneficial to football and sports world. The creation of basketball and before the creation of basketball was truly influential to the sports world. Basketball has a huge impact on the sports world. Naismith began to think about a new game that could be played indoors during the winter. In two weeks, he’d come up with the basic concepts that would define the game basket ball: to discourage tackling, players would not be able to run with the ball, but made the game of basketball would was made to pass it; the players would have to loft the ball instead of shoot it. In 1891, Naismith was appointed an instructor by Luther Halsey Gulick, Jr. Head of Physical Education at Springfield. Naismith put sports together such as soccer, American Football, Field Hockey and other sports. â€Å"Naismith created the game of basket ball for players to play during football and baseball. The game started with two peach baskets, a soccer ball and 13 rules.†(Original Rules of Basketball 1) Rains and Carpenter said â€Å"Naismith loved the idea that a minimum of a basketball, a basket, and a place to play (52). James A. Naismith: Creator of Basketball :: Biography Millions of players of basketball which was created by one man by the name of Dr. James A. Naismith. James Naismith was born around the 1860s. James Naismith created the game of basketball in 1891. Dr. James A. Naismith was truly influential to the sports world through the creation of basketball, building Kansas University basketball tradition, and changing lives of millions of people through the game of basketball. Before the game of basketball James Naismith was truly influential to the sports world. According to James A. Naismith â€Å"as a young man, Naismith studied Theology and excelled in various sports. Naismith was always drawn to religion because he knew he wanted to help others, but his life's mission became clear to him one day during a football game: a football teammate began cursing after a blown play, but then stopped and apologized to Naismith, who was known for his morals. Naismith realized that "there might be other ways of doing well besides preaching" and got the idea that he could practice his ministry through sports† (1). James Naismith was always thought of as a man known for his morals. According to an article entitled James A. Naismith, â€Å"Naismith also is credited with inventing the helmet for football players. Which gives better safety to football players"(1). The football helmet is truly beneficial to football and sports world. The creation of basketball and before the creation of basketball was truly influential to the sports world. Basketball has a huge impact on the sports world. Naismith began to think about a new game that could be played indoors during the winter. In two weeks, he’d come up with the basic concepts that would define the game basket ball: to discourage tackling, players would not be able to run with the ball, but made the game of basketball would was made to pass it; the players would have to loft the ball instead of shoot it. In 1891, Naismith was appointed an instructor by Luther Halsey Gulick, Jr. Head of Physical Education at Springfield. Naismith put sports together such as soccer, American Football, Field Hockey and other sports. â€Å"Naismith created the game of basket ball for players to play during football and baseball. The game started with two peach baskets, a soccer ball and 13 rules.†(Original Rules of Basketball 1) Rains and Carpenter said â€Å"Naismith loved the idea that a minimum of a basketball, a basket, and a place to play (52).

Illusions Brownies ZZ Packer Analysis Essay

The Brownies description of troop 909 â€Å"They were white girls, their complexions a blend of ice cream: strawberry, vanilla in the first few lines it is very clear that racial issues and segregation is a main topic. The author ZZ Packer did a great job stating since the beginning that the stories was going to be confrontational â€Å"Troop 909 was doomed from the first day of camp;† Segregation is also still happening during this time since there is no diversity in the members of the each troop, one is all African American and the other is all Caucasian girls. The girls immediately start being rude and negative with the white girls calling them â€Å"wet Chihuahuas† that they smelled bad. The brownies are not interested in even getting to know the girls. No matter what the white girls would do, the brownies would be annoyed regardless. You can tell that the girls are very unaware color/race since there fourth grade class started using â€Å"Caucasian† as a jo ke whenever the kids felt it fit in. Also stating that â€Å"Whites were like baby pigeons: real and existing, but rarely seen or thought about. During the time this story takes place segregation and racism was still very much alive blacks and whites only understood their own point of views and reacted by being closed minded on the issue. This is apparent in Brownies since the story is told from a child’s perspective and usually kids form certain opinions based on their parent’s reaction of a subject or belief. The confrontation is promised in the part when Octavia commanded that every girl in the brownie troop by no means allow absolutely any one to disrespect any other the members by calling them â€Å"niggers.† Later that day one Arnetta says she heard one of the girls from troop 909 call them a â€Å"nigger.† At first one did not seem too concerned but as the day went on the thought had simmered inside her and she wanted some form of revenge. ZZ Packer showcases the Brownies secret racial hatred for the white girls through ironic humor. She transmits hidden philosophical messages to the reader through her words. While explaining the significance of a secret meeting, she also talks about the meaning of a secret saying, â€Å"A secret meant nothing; it was like gossip: just a bit of unpl easant knowledge about someone who happened to be someone other than yourself†. This is an effectual use of dramatic irony because the definition Packer provides for â€Å"gossip† is the basis of the entire story. The Brownies creates the lie that one of the white girls used the racial slur â€Å"nigger† and this drives the rest of the story. Racism is also very  apparent in the story line at no giving point in the story do you read anything about the scouts doing an activity together or mingling. Its this way it keep the animosity building up. The white girls seemed to always be the first ones doing everything. It demonstrate in a subtle way that they are superior than the black girls to us the reader. Whites are viewed as the better race in an all African American community. Everything about the girls in troops 909 radiate beauties that result in an envy and hatred from the brownies. â€Å"Their long, shampoo-commercial hair, straight as spaghetti from the box† such phrases are triggers that add up to bringing out racism. ZZ packer demonstrates how we are all in a way deprived and unfortunate. The curve ball in the plot where the brownies encounter troop 909 and they discover that the girls are mentally challenged, put out in the open the unfairness and injustice experienced by society. The irony lies in that the brownies are now superior to the white girls because of their condition. It is interesting how from the beginning of the story we are made aware of Laurel feelings towards her father. Laurel was so captivated by Daphne’s poem â€Å"you are my father the veteran†. Laurel probably feels very proud of her father and the positive role he plays in her life. Once she started telling the girls about the story of the Mennonites. â€Å" I now understood what he meant, and why he did it, though I didn’t like it†. As laurel keeps telling the girls about her father’s action. An epiphany happened to her. Her father was doing the same things the Mennonites even though they were painting his porch he was not nice to them. It implies the insensibility people have to chosen to adopt when it comes to living peacefully with other races. Using irony and contrast, ZZ Packer tells us that it is unimaginable to find perfection in our world or an individual. no one is perfect and it is this inevitable imperfection of life that inflicts deprivation and misfortune in human lives.

A Philosophical Approach to Capital Punishment Essay

The America that we live in today is one that is divided in more ways that we can imagine. Issues such as race, gender, sexual orientation, religion, socioeconomic status, and political views are all issues that polarize our great nation. Within each of these categories lie more specific and focused issues that can be as equally debated and unsettled. Issues such as abortion, gay rights and other ideas that deal with human liberty and freedom are often considered to be hot button issues in politics and can even invoke strong enough emotions to influence presidential elections. One issue of this nature that has been the topic of great discussion and debate over the last century, especially in the United States, is the idea of capital†¦show more content†¦Before examining the death penalty, it is important that we take a close look at the idea of punishment and the role it plays in our society today. The idea of punishment itself may seem simple however it is more complex than you may imagine. Punishment in and of itself, by definition, is the intentional infliction of pain or harm on another individual in response to a wrong that they have done. This idea of causing intentional harm may seem indefensible to many and the idea of capital punishment takes those feeling to an even greater extreme . Before we can fully understand how the death penalty can fit into our system of punishment, we must first know what the main goals of punishment are. According to Thiroux, there are four main requirements of punishment: It must involve unpleasantness of some sort, it must be imposed or endured for some reason, it should be imposed by some person or group that has â€Å"duly constituted† moral or legal authority and it must be imposed according to certain rules or law . The way the death penalty is administered in the United States allows for it to check all four of those boxes. With these four ideas in mind, it is now time to examine three unique and promi nent theories of punishment: retributive, utilitarian and restitution. The retributive theory, also known as the deserts theory, states that the punishment thatShow MoreRelatedThe Execution Of An Inmate Essay867 Words   |  4 Pagesimposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted† (amend. XIII). considering the possibility of an execution going as badly as Lockett’s, we must ask if we are violating this amendment. The execution of an inmate is also likely to bring up issues of faith, Romans 12:18 states â€Å"leave it to the wrath of God, for it is written, Vengeance is mine, I will repay, says the lord† (Rom. 12.18). Morality should determine where we go as a country, including the punishments we invoke. 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Essay on Exhaust Analysis Osygen Sensor Developed by...

Oxygen Sensor [7] This device was developed by Robert Bosch GmbH in the 1960s and is also called the Lambda Sensor. The purpose of the sensor is to determine the amount of oxygen in its surroundings. It plays a very important role in automotive vehicles in determining the amount of oxygen present in the exhaust gases. By knowing the same, we can improve electronic fuel injection and emission control. They he to observe in real-time if the air-to-fuel ratio of combustion engine is rich or lean. Since the sensor is present in the exhaust system, they do not directly determine the optimality of the air-to-fuel ratio, but when the information of the sensor is coupled with information from other sources, it can be used to improve overall†¦show more content†¦Carbon monoxide results in a slightly rich burn and NOX indicates a lean burn. Failure or damage of the sensor indicates the use of unleaded fuels containing silicon or silicates. The data from the sensor instructs the ECU to continuously adju st the amount of fuel charged into the engine. The engine operates in a slightly lean and slightly rich burn in successive loops. This helps in maintaining an average which is very close to the stoichiometric ratio. The sensor element is encased in a ceramic cylinders both inside and outside with platinum electrodes and the entire assembly is wrapped in metal gauge. The sensors work effectively at high temperature. When the temperature is at and above 3160C (6000F). Most new sensors are equipped with their own heating elements. There are three main types of oxygen sensors. They are: 1. Zirconia Sensor Made of zirconium dioxide or zirconia it is based on a fuel cell called the Nerst cell. It gives an output of 0.2V DC to show a lean mixture in which the air entering the system is enough to fully oxidize the fuel to CO and then CO2. An output of 0.8V represents a rich mixture which contains unburnt HC and low in O2. The ideal value is approximately 0.45V. The air-to-fuel ratio is 0.5% of the optimum stoichiometric ratio. The advantage of this sensor is that it is most sensitive near the ideal stoichiometric ratio whereas it is very insensitive and ineffective when mixture is very lean or very rich. This is type of

Problems Exist in the Contemporary US Essay Example

Essays on Problems Exist in the Contemporary US Essay The paper "Problems Exist in the Contemporary US" is a brilliant example of an essay on social science. Problem identification entails the expression of dissatisfaction with the prevailing status quo. For example, in the education system, people can express their dissatisfaction with the inadequate facilities in the United States schools that support the marginalized. Schools are mandated to provide all the students with a quality education regardless of their physical and psychological disabilities (DeMatthews, 2014). Students who are physically disabled and who are not native English speakers face difficulties coping with the other students in the class. Federal policy guidelines are silent regarding the issue of disproportionate representation of the special needs children in the schools. The problem results in emotionally affected students who end up living miserable lives for lack of proper education. In agenda-setting, the definition of underlying alternatives is essential to t he policy process and in shaping the desired outcome. Before the issue is fully adopted and formulated, the alternative approaches are outlined so that the best option can be implemented (LAITS). To determine what issue advances into the agenda policy, the options that can address the plight of the disabled in schools are analyzed. For example, should the federal government provide separate facilities, increase the resources in current facilities, or provide extensional support to the affected children. Many problems exist in the contemporary US, but few of them make it to the public policy agenda. In the United States, a problem has to be identified as a salient issue to move onto the policy agenda. In most instances, the power of the people can move problems in society further to be adopted as policy agendas. In addition to the influence and the power of the people, there are issues that move immediately to the policy agenda following significant events that act as triggers (Bound less, 2014). Parents of the affected children with the support of the rights groups also contribute significantly to identifying the said problems.

Marketing and Advertisement of Tesla Inc †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing and Advertisement of Tesla Inc. Answer: Introduction: Marketingis one of the most complex and widely used concept in our current business environment. It is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large (AMA, 2013). Organizations would findmarketing an inseparable aspect of their daily transactions. Before any product is manufactures, an analysis of customer needs is done. Once the product is manufactured, it needs to reach consumers as per their demands. This demand and supply then need to be well managed with the help of efficient advertising and alluring promotions. All these are aspects of Marketing. Previously, I had the narrow definition of marketing being related to advertisement and selling of products only. Having realised the broader scope of marketing, I find that it is underlying everywhere in this age of globalisation. $0 Marketing by Tesla: While studying, one of the most stunning concepts I have discovered related to advertisement is the $0 budget marketing done by Tesla Inc. By that I mean Tesla had no budget allocated for advertisement of its electric vehicles. However, not having any advertisement was being the greatest advertisement for Tesla after it was recognized in market. Tesla has used the oldest marketing concept of Word of mouth and designed innovative referral schemes (Extole Inc., 2017). The efficiency of this model is evidenced by the fact that 253,000 cars were pre-booked in the first 36 hours (Inc., 2016). Needs, Wants and Demands: One of the concepts that I found confusing in marketing was the concept of needs, wants and demands itself. More specifically, I could not differentiate between wants and demands. After researching on them I came to understand that wants are simply Desires and demands as Desires + buying power (MaketingMix, 2017). After having the clear picture of these three, I believe I can become a consumer who makes better decisions by clearly recognizing the needs, wants and demands. DeMarketing: As a consumer, I always believed that every organization wants to promote their products in order to increase sales. However, we were taught a pioneering concept of De marketing. Upon detailed study, I realized de marketing is done by numerous organization to cope with unwanted demand or overflow of demand (Kotler, 2009). This helps marketers to shape demand in order to conform to long run objectives rather than blindly chasing high sales. Marketing Environment: Marketing is a complex concept and a large number of components are involved in it rather than just the firm and the consumer. The importance of monitoring the environmental factors impacting an individual business is fundamental to effective marketing (Academy of Marketing studies journal, 2013). After attending lectures, I was taught that many actors are involved in marketing of any product or service. For example Government support is required by every organization at every step. Firms take assistance of various media agencies in order to promote their product or service. Financial consultants also help organizations to arrange finances and guide them about the right investing options. According to Kotler (2009), marketing environment consists of the actors and forces outside organization that affect marketing management's ability to develop and maintain successful transactions with its target customers. Factors affecting Demand: It was often believed that the sales of any product depends on buying power and need of the consumer and supply created by producers. However, this is not enough. My lectures gave me a much clear idea about how the demand is created and what are the factors that impact the demand. Changing demographic scenarios, increasing use of technology and economic environment are also considered by marketers to promote their products to the right audience in the right manner. Rise in the number of working women, a steady decline in household size and an increase in single parent family or families with no children are few of the demographic changes that the country is currently experiencing. Similarly rising interest and consumption patterns also impact the demand of products. For example financial crisis that hit Asia in 1997-1998 adversely affected Hong Kong tourism (Journal of travel and tourism marketing, 2002). It is imperative that marketers keep this in mind before formulating any strate gy for product promotions. Consumer buying pattern: Learning about buying habits of consumer was the other thing which was essential for me. I learnt about the decision making process of a consumer when he or she buys any product. Buying behaviour suggests that consumers buy some products without thinking about it, some products giving a little consideration and after reading that I noticed that I would often buy small things out of habits without giving much consideration while some other things I would consider for few days. Marketers would spend a lot of time and money researching on these buying habits of the consumers due to ever changing demands of consumers. Extensive research on consumer buying behaviour helps marketers advertise their products in a proficient manner leading to increased sales. Demand Management I had no idea about the various kinds of demands but after these lectures I came to understand how many types of demands are there and how marketers make use of this information to promote their products. Negative demands involves those products or services where not only does the consumer not want the product but is also willing to pay a price to avoid it. Like many consumers spend monthly on dental check-ups in order to avoid dental surgery. Irregular demand refers to seasonal or occasional demands of products example rising sale of costumes during Halloween and extra demand of chocolates and sweets during specific festivals. Predominantly, it involves prioritizing demand when supply is lacking (SCRC, 2002). Conclusion: Marketing is one of the most important factors that impacts organizations. Changing marketing scenario in the era of globalization has helped the right products, reach the right consumers, in the right way and at the right time. Our lectures have been extremely useful in helping me gain an insight on how consumers buy products and how marketers use information in order to promote and advertise products. As a consumer, these lectures have been extremely beneficial and will surely help me make a better buying choice and use my bargaining power as a consumer in this organization. I think I have learnt a lot about marketing in past few weeks. This understanding will be useful for me to carefully select new products in future. Moreover, it will also allow me to make wise decisions free from temptations of different advertisements. This will help me save cost and increase consuming efficiency. References: AMA, 2013, https://www.ama.org/AboutAMA/Pages/Definition-of-Marketing.aspx, viewed on 25 August, 2017. Extole Inc., 2017, https://www.extole.com/blog/tesla-referral-program-how-to-grow-with-0-marketing-budget/, viewed on 25 August, 2017. Harvard Business Review, 2009, https://web.uniroma1.it/dip_management/sites/default/files/allegati/Kotler%20%26%20Levy%20%281971%29%20-%20Demarketing%2C%20yes%2C%20demarketing%20-%20Harvard%20Business%20Review.pdf, viewed on 25 August, 2017. Hiemstra, S Wong K, 2008, Factors affecting demands for tourism in Hong Kong, Journal of travel and tourism marketing, Vol 13(1-2), pp: 41-60. Inc., 2016, https://www.inc.com/walter-chen/how-teslas-referral-program-generates-more-than-40x-roi.html, viewed on 25 August, 2017. Jackson, 2013, The Marketing Environment: A new paradigm, Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, Vol 1. Kotler, P, 2013, Marketing Management, NSW, Pearson Australia. MarketingMix, 2017, https://marketingmixx.com/marketing-basics/128-needswants-and-demands.html, viewed on 25 August, 2017. SCRC, 2002, https://scm.ncsu.edu/scm-articles/article/lessons-in-demand-management, viewed on 25 August, 2017.